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Helping children recover from a disaster

Disasters are difficult to bounce back for even the most well adjusted adult. Unfortunately, children have often not yet developed the emotional skills to cope with the turmoil in the aftermath of a sudden emergency. Because they lack these essential coping skills, it is imperative that parents, teachers and other care-givers understand how to help children recover from a disaster.

There are three triggers that can put children at a higher risk for psychological distress following a disaster:

- Direct involvement in the disaster
- The injury or death of a loved one
- Emotional toil from secondary effects: evacuation, loss of property, temporary living conditions and even pet loss

Responses to this psychological stress can vary from child to child but may include: bed wetting, behavior problems, temporary insomnia or night terrors, problems in school and emotional withdrawal. All of these are common reactions to stress and a child may display one or any combination of these symptoms. It is important to keep a watchful eye on children following a disaster and key in on any of these reactions immediately.

One of the best ways to help a child recover from an emergency is to encourage them to share their thoughts and feelings. Never tease the child or belittle their feelings. Instead, maintain a neutral but supportive attitude. If the child has questions, answer them calmly and appropriately. You know your child best; some want very detailed answers and others need things explained more simply.

Understand, when talking to your child that there are fears following a disaster that are common place, particularly among younger children. Many fear that the event will reoccur, someone they know and love will be killed and that they may find themselves separated from the family.

According to FEMA, there are steps you can take to help reassure your children after a disaster:

- Provide ample physical contact.
- Do not exaggerate details of the recent disaster.
- Explain plans for insuring your child’s safety in the future.
- Encourage your child to talk about their feelings.
- Re-establish your daily routine as soon as possible.
- Spend extra time with your child.
- Give your child chores around the house that will make them feel as though they are part of the family’s recovery effort.
- Allow your child to help update the family’s disaster plan or help create one if none previously existed.

During your child’s recovery, do your best to help them avoid things that may trigger anxiety, especially news reports. Watching the disaster on television may cause your children to relive the event in their minds, hampering them on their path to emotional wellness. Should your child develop new fears: of wind, fire or loud noises for example, try to alleviate them by explaining that they are natural occurrences not related to the disaster or an pending emergency.

By remaining calm and taking care of your own emotional well-being, you will help your child tenfold. Children are reflections of their parents and caregivers. The best way to begin helping your child heal is to begin healing yourself.
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